西溪湿地外来植物及其风险管理   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

缪丽华  陈博君  季梦成  何云核 《湿地科学与管理》2011,7(2):49-54

采用经典分类及群落学研究方法,通过实地调查和资料分析,对西溪湿地外来植物,特别是外来入侵植物的种类、生境、危害程度等进行了研究。结果表明:西溪湿地现有外来种子植物97科234属328种,其中被子植物91科220属311种。菊科、禾本科和蔷薇科等14科所含属种是该地外来植物的主要组成部分,菊科、禾本科占绝对优势;菊科外来植物在外来种中所占比例大,且危害较重。景观改造、湿地植物园引种是西溪湿地外来植物种类大量增加的主要原因。西溪湿地现有外来入侵植物共27科55属71种,原产地为美洲的48种,占总种数的67.61%;原产地为欧洲的9种,占12.68%。外来入侵植物以一年生或二年生草本居多,有52种,占总种数的73.24%,落叶灌木仅1种(占1.41%)。提出西溪湿地外来植物的编目、监测和数字化管理的建议,并建议将美丽飞蓬、南美天胡荽、再力花和黄菖蒲等4种外来植物列入中国外来入侵植物名录。  相似文献   

Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands     

Shokoufeh Salimi  Suhad A.A.A.N. Almuktar  Miklas Scholz 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2011

Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change.  相似文献   

Waves and tides responsible for the intermittent closure of the entrance of a small, sheltered tidal wetland at San Francisco, CA     

Daniel M. Hanes  Kristen WardLi H. Erikson 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(16):1682-1687

Crissy Field Marsh (CFM; http://www.nps.gov/prsf/planyourvisit/crissy-field-marsh-and-beach.htm) is a small, restored tidal wetland located in the entrance to San Francisco Bay just east of the Golden Gate. The marsh is small but otherwise fairly typical of many such restored wetlands worldwide. The marsh is hydraulically connected to the bay and the adjacent Pacific Ocean by a narrow sandy channel. The channel often migrates and sometimes closes completely, which effectively blocks the tidal connection to the ocean and disrupts the hydraulics and ecology of the marsh. Field measurements of waves and tides have been examined in order to evaluate the conditions responsible for the intermittent closure of the marsh entrance. The most important factor found to bring about the entrance channel closure is the occurrence of large ocean waves. However, there were also a few closure events during times with relatively small offshore waves. Examination of the deep-water directional wave spectra during these times indicates the presence of a small secondary peak corresponding to long period swell from the southern hemisphere, indicating that CFM and San Francisco Bay in general may be more susceptible to long period ocean swell emanating from the south or southwest than the more common ocean waves coming from the northwest. The tidal records during closure events show no strong relationship between closures and tides, other than that closures tend to occur during multi-day periods with successively increasing high tides. It can be inferred from these findings that the most important process to the intermittent closure of the entrance to CFM is littoral sediment transport driven by the influence of ocean swell waves breaking along the CFM shoreline at oblique angles. During periods of large, oblique waves the littoral transport of sand likely overwhelms the scour potential of the tidal flow in the entrance channel.  相似文献   

基于遥感图像的湿地生态系统健康评价     

何厚军  刘学工  韩琳  陈亮 《测绘工程》2011,20(5):45-48

黄河三角洲湿地是我国暖温带最完整、最广阔、最年轻的湿地生态系统.文中以遥感数据为基础,基于压力一状态一响应框架构建湿地生态系统健康评价指标体系,并运用熵权模糊物元的方法对研究区东营市河口区和垦利县湿地进行评价.研究表明,1997年、2001年、2006年的生态系统健康评价综合得分分别为0.6388、0.7361和0.8...  相似文献   

基于3S技术的武汉城市湿地景观变迁     

邵军  车风  范魏 《地理空间信息》2011,(6):85-88

采用3S技术,以武汉城区为研究区,采用1991年、2003年Landsat-TM影像及2009年的CBERS02B-CCD影像为数据源,运用多尺度影像分割与目视解译相结合的方法提取3期湿地信息,并分析武汉城区近18年来湿地景观格局动态变迁。结果表明,近18年间城市湿地总面积减少,斑块的数目增加,破碎程度增加,平均斑块形...  相似文献   

深圳华侨城湿地鸟类多样性调查研究     

徐桂红  张小英  徐昇 《湿地科学与管理》2015,11(2):59-61

处于湿地食物链上游的鸟类可以作为整个生态系统多样性的一个代表,应用于湿地生态的监测与评价。2013年,对华侨城湿地鸟类进行了调查,共记录到鸟类12目34科104种,多样性指数为4.2317,较以前增多,并呈明显季节性变化。表明华侨城湿地生态修复效果逐步呈现,生态状况正在变好。  相似文献   

典型高光谱图像端元提取算法在黄河口湿地应用评价研究     

崔宾阁  庄仲杰  任广波  吴培强  张杰 《海洋科学》2015,39(2):104-109

端元提取是混合像元分解的基础,也是高光谱遥感的研究热点。对于特定区域的高光谱图像应该使用哪种端元提取算法,需要对各种端元提取算法进行客观地评价。作者针对黄河口湿地CHRIS高光谱图像,使用了重建图像与原图像的均方根误差、有效端元数量两个指数对PPI、N-FINDR、VCA、OSP、IEA和SISAL六种典型的端元提取算法进行了评价。结果表明,SISAL算法重建误差最小,仅有其他算法误差的10%~28%;OSP算法识别了具有物理意义的6种有效端元,多于其他算法识别的地物类型,而SISAL算法识别的端元缺乏物理意义。  相似文献   

基于决策树的洪泽湖湿地信息提取     

张楼香  阮仁宗 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(2):87-91

湿地是地球的重要组成部分,快速而准确地提取湿地信息,是湿地动态监测和可持续发展的一项基础而重要的工作.以洪泽湖淡水湿地为研究对象,采用2006年8月19日的Landsat5 TM遥感影像为数据源,采用经K-T变换光谱增强后的数据及利用灰度共生矩阵分析影像第一主成分的纹理统计量作辅助分类变量,基于地物光谱特征、纹理特征和形状特征,运用决策树分类法提取洪泽湖湿地植被信息,将其分类结果与最大似然法的分类结果进行比较.结果表明:1)洪泽湖地区的湿地植被比较丰富,面积约占全湖的10.74％,其中以浮水植物为主.2)基于决策树的分类结果的精度有了明显的提高,总精度由77.33％提高到86.33％,Kappa系数由0.7292提高到0.8354,证明基于决策树分类方法是提取淡水湿地植被信息的有效手段.  相似文献   

粉质黏土堤防漫溢溃决试验          下载免费PDF全文

魏红艳  余明辉  李义天  吴松柏 《水科学进展》2015,26(5):668-675

为研究粉质黏土堤防漫溢溃决破坏过程及其对水流要素和土体性质的响应规律,以河道流量、筑堤土体含水率和孔隙率为变量,在弯道水槽中开展了9组堤防漫溢溃决概化试验.通过试验发现,粉质黏土堤漫溢溃决溃口发展过程可分为垂向侵蚀和横向扩宽两个阶段,垂向侵蚀阶段以"陡坎"后退为主要形式;筑堤土体含水率与孔隙率不仅影响了溃口垂向侵蚀以及横向扩宽速度,而且决定了溃口最终形态,河道流量主要影响堤防溃口的横向扩宽速度;溃口处流速以及下游水位变化受溃口高度的制约.拟合得到土体黏聚力与土体含水率、孔隙率的相关关系式;通过试验数据提出了由土体黏聚力和水流参数表达的"陡坎"侵蚀后退速度计算公式,证明具有一定合理性.  相似文献   

长江口南汇湿地植被的光谱吸收特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张雪薇  韩震  刘美君  丁如一 《海洋学研究》2018,36(2):50-54

植被的光谱吸收特征与植被生长状况密切相关,同时也受土壤湿度等外界因素影响。本文以长江口南汇湿地典型植被芦苇、互花米草和海三棱藨草为研究对象,在计算其光谱特征参数的基础上,分析了这3种植被的光谱吸收特征形变PSDI值。最后结合实测的土壤湿度,分析了3种植被的PSDI值和土壤湿度的相关性。研究结果发现:互花米草的PSDI值最大,海三棱藨草的PSDI值最小,芦苇介于两者之间,表明互花米草受外界的环境影响较大;互花米草的PSDI值与土壤湿度的相关性最大,芦苇的PSDI值与土壤湿度的相关性最小,海三棱藨草介于两者之间,表明互花米草适应湿地环境能力较强。  相似文献